Torrefaction of wheat-barley straw: Composition and toxicity of torrefaction condensates

Until now, few studies on the valorisation of torrefaction condensable volatiles (condensates) have been performed. The composition and toxicity of torrefaction condensable volatiles determine their possible applications. Therefore, a study on the composition of wheat-barley straw torrefaction condensates, combined with toxicity tests, was performed. This analysis was mainly aimed at the utilisation of these condensates as an anaerobic digestion...