Structural comparison of protiated, H/D-exchanged and deuterated human carbonic anhydrase IX

Human carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) expression is upregulated in hypoxic solid tumours, promoting cell survival and metastasis. This observation has made CA IX a target for the development of CA isoform-selective inhibitors. To enable structural studies of CA IX–inhibitor complexes using X-ray and neutron crystallography, a CA IX surface variant (CA IX SV ; the catalytic domain with six surface amino-acid substitutions) has been developed that...