A meta‐analysis of recreation effects on vertebrate species richness and abundance

Most protected areas globally have a dual mission to conserve natural resources and provide access for outdoor recreation or ecotourism, yet questions remain about the ecological effects of recreation. We conducted a global meta‐analysis of the effects of recreation on vertebrate richness and abundance. We estimated that vertebrate richness ( n = 15 articles) and abundance ( n = 32) are lower in association with higher levels of recreation in...