Risk factors and haemodynamic variables in patients with low toe-brachial index but normal ankle-brachial index

Background and aims Classically, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is diagnosed by a low ankle-brachial index (ABI), but the diagnosis can also be made based on toe-brachial index (TBI) measurements. The objective of this study was to characterize patients with low TBI but normal ABI, and chart potential underestimation of PAD prevalence by solitary use of ABI. Methods A total of 3739 consecutive patients with known or suspected PAD referred for...