An Empirical National Assessment of the Learning Environment and Factors Associated With Program Culture

Objectives: To empirically describe surgical residency program culture and assess program characteristics associated with program culture. Summary Background Data: Despite concerns about the impact of the learning environment on trainees, empirical data have not been available to examine and compare program-level differences in residency culture. Methods: Following the 2018 American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination, a cross-sectional...