Simulation and analysis of return flow at the field scale in the northern rice irrigation area of China

To study variations in the field return flow, a field water balance model was established according to the water balance principle, and the field return flow was simulated using system dynamics and tested with field-measured data collected in a trial district in the Hu Lanhe irrigation area in 2016. The main conclusions are as follows: trends of the simulated and measured field water storage and field runoff were consistent. The daily error...