Toxicity of Agrochemicals Among Larval Painted Lady Butterflies (Vanessa cardui)

In the Southern High Plains of the United States, beef cattle feed yards and row crop agriculture are predominant sources of agrochemical usage. Beef cattle feed yards use large quantities of veterinary pharmaceuticals to promote cattle growth and health, along with insecticides to control insect pests, whereas row crop‐based agriculture relies on herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides to increase yields. Previous studies have documented the...