The association of retinal vessel calibres with heart failure and long‐term alterations in cardiac structure and function: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Aims Narrower retinal arterioles and wider retinal venules have been associated with macrovascular forms of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, whether they are predictive of the development of heart failure (HF) independent of atherosclerotic CVD is unclear. We aimed to describe long‐term associations of retinal vessel calibres with incident HF, in those with and without prevalent macrovascular disease, and how they relate to cardiac...