Effects of Chlorella sp. on biological characteristics of the honey bee Apis mellifera

We tested the effect of Chlorella sorokiniana, a green, unicellular, freshwater alga, provided as a food supplement on several biological characteristics of the honey bee Apis mellifera. Chlorella was applied as (1) a moisturized powder, (2) a sugar-water solution, or (3) mixed with honey-sugar candy. All three applications were well accepted by the bees. We observed a positive effect of Chlorella on colony development, and also on basic aspects...