Hollow fiber based liquid phase microextraction with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of trace carvedilol (β-blocker) in biological fluids

A hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME), followed by high-performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet (HPLC–UV) method for the trace determination of carvedilol (β-blocker) in biological fluids, has been described. The separation was achieved using Inertsil ODS-3 C 18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) column with a mobile phase composition of 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 4.0)–acetonitrile (50:50, v / v ) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, under...