Total Healthcare Expenditures from the 2017 Iran’s National Households Income and Expenditure Survey: The Application of Two-Part Models

Introduction: Although the precise estimates of healthcare expenditures are critical for health policy-makers, the right-skewed distribution and a substantial number of zero values of the measures of healthcare expenditure make such estimates challenging. The present study used conventional two-part (CTP) and marginalized two-part (MTP) models to handle the skewness and zero-inflation in expenditure distribution as two serious...