Applying the Aboveground-Belowground Interaction Concept in Agriculture: Spatio-Temporal Scales Matter

Interactions between aboveground and belowground organisms are important drivers of plant growth and performance in natural ecosystems. Making practical use of such above-belowground biotic interactions offers important opportunities for enhancing the sustainability of agriculture, as it could favour crop growth, nutrient supply, and defence against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the operation of above- and belowground organisms at...