2D-DIGE proteomic analysis reveals changes in haemolymph proteome of 1-day-old honey bee (Apis mellifera) workers in response to infection with Varroa destructor mites

Varroa destructor is an external parasite of Apis mellifera and feeds on the haemolymph of pupae and adult bees, vectoring numerous viral pathogens, in particular the deformed wing virus (DWV). However, the changes in haemolymph protein composition after Varroa infestation are unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate alterations in the haemolymph proteome in relation to Varroa parasitism. Using two-dimensional difference gel...