Original paper
Testing the effects of certain versus hypothetical language in health risk messages
Abstract
This paper tests how certainty conveyed through language can be harnessed to enhance the effectiveness of health risk messages. We conducted experiments with low-income, adult smokers (n = 317) and middle schoolers (n = 321) on pictorial cigarette warning labels. We manipulated hypotheticality of risk through verb modality: present tense, may, can, and will. For adult smokers, present tense led to greater health risk beliefs, compared to...
Paper Details
Title
Testing the effects of certain versus hypothetical language in health risk messages
Published Date
Jul 18, 2019
Journal
Volume
87
Issue
1
Pages
47 - 69
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Notes
History