Thermosonication damages the inner membrane of Bacillus subtilis spores and impels their inactivation

The extreme resistance of bacterial spores to most killing agents makes them a major concern to the food industry and consumers. This gave rise an increasing interest in developing new strategies to inactivate spores and understand the mechanisms of inactivation by various agents. In this study, ultrasound combined with heat (thermosonication, TS) was used to inactivate the spores of Bacillus subtilis and the factors that influence the...