Enhancement effect among a UV, persulfate, and copper (UV/PS/Cu2+) system on the degradation of nonoxidizing biocide: The kinetics, radical species, and degradation pathway

Reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) generally contains highly toxic and biorefractory organic pollutants. In this study, various oxidation systems, including UV, persulfate (PS)/Cu2+, UV/PS, and UV/PS/Cu2+, were evaluated for the degradation of nonoxidizing biocides, which are commonly used in reverse osmosis systems for preventing biofouling. The results showed that UV/PS/Cu2+ had an enhancement effect among UV, PS, and Cu2+. Compared with UV/PS,...