Earlier age of onset in multiple system atrophy with smoking and heavy alcohol use

Objective To determine whether smoking or alcohol use impacts the age of onset and disease duration in multiple system atrophy (MSA). Methods All patients diagnosed with MSA at Mayo Clinic, Rochester between 1998 and 2012 completed standardized questionnaires surveying smoking and alcohol use at the time of presentation. Results Of 551 patients with smoking and alcohol use data, 281 were past or present smokers with age of onset of 60.76 years...