Levels of workplace bullying and escalation – a new conceptual model based on cut-off scores, frequency and self-labelled victimization

The aim of this study was to identity levels of workplace bullying based on cut-off scores, frequency and self-labelled victimization, and to use these levels to identify the escalation of workplace bullying in terms of onset of different negative acts. Data were collected from a representative sample of the Swedish workforce (n = 1856). Bullying was measured using the Negative Acts Questionnaire–Revised together with self-labelled victimization...