Identifying the neural basis of a language‐impaired phenotype of temporal lobe epilepsy

Objective To identify neuroimaging and clinical biomarkers associated with a language‐impaired phenotype in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy ( TLE ). Methods Eighty‐five patients with TLE were characterized as language‐impaired ( TLE ‐ LI ) or non–language‐impaired ( TLE ‐ NLI ) based on comprehensive neuropsychological testing. Structural magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ), diffusion tensor imaging, and functional MRI ( fMRI ) were obtained in...