The difficulty of steering settlement development to reduce the loss of ecosystem services: an exploration of different development scenarios in Switzerland using spatially explicit land-use models

To reduce the negative environmental impact of settlement development, a range of policy instruments are available. Empirical studies have highlighted advantages and disadvantages of different instruments, including tradable development rights (TDRs) and zoning. We add to this knowledge by developing a land-use modelling framework that can be used to assess the potential impact of different policy scenarios on the spatial pattern of settlement...