Safety assessment of trees used as anchors in cable-supported tree harvesting based on experimental observations

In conventional cable-supported forest operations, trees and their stumps are normally employed as anchoring elements to withstand high lateral forces. These loads, even if applied near the stem base where cross-section is larger, are characterised by higher magnitude and dynamic amplification effects. Consequently, failures of anchors due to overturning or stem breakage are possible. To evaluate the load-carrying capacity of anchors processes...