Genotoxic and cytotoxic alterations induced by environmentally-relevant concentrations of amoxicillin in blood cells of Cyprinus carpio

Amoxicillin (AMX) is a pharmaceutical widely employed in human and veterinary medicine worldwide. Its wide production and use has led to this pharmaceutical being released into the environment in concentrations that range from ng L−1 to μg L−1. Previous studies have demonstrated that this antibiotic generates toxic effects, amongst which alterations to embryonic development and oxidative stress in aquatic organisms, is noteworthy. Nonetheless,...