Real-Time 3-D Shape Instantiation for Partially Deployed Stent Segments From a Single 2-D Fluoroscopic Image in Fenestrated Endovascular Aortic Repair

In fenestrated endovascular aortic repair (FEVAR), accurate alignment of stent graft fenestrations or scallops with aortic branches is essential for establishing complete blood flow perfusion. Current navigation is largely based on two-dimensional (2-D) fluoroscopic images, which lacks 3-D anatomical information, thus causing a longer operation time and high risks of radiation exposure. Previously, 3-D shape instantiation frameworks for realtime...