Evaluation of the Assumptions in the Steady-State Tropical Cyclone Self-Stratified Outflow Using Three-Dimensional Convection-Allowing Simulations

The criteria and assumptions that were used to derive the steady-state tropical cyclone intensity and structure theory of Emanuel and Rotunno are assessed using three-dimensional convection-allowing simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model. One real-data case of Hurricane Patricia (2015) and two idealized simulations with and without vertical wind shear are examined. In all three simulations, the gradient wind balance is...