A multi-species modeling framework for describing supersonic jet-induced cratering in a granular bed: Cratering on Titan case study

The dynamics of cratering caused by a multi-component supersonic jet due to its interaction with the granular soil on the surface of Titan is investigated using a two-phase model and numerical simulations. Both fluid and particles are mathematically described in an Eulerian framework. The fluid is modeled using multi-species Large Eddy Simulation accounting for the details of diffusion among species, and the solid phase is described by a...