Vacuum-assisted minimally invasive surgery—An innovative method for the operative treatment of gynecomastia

Background Gynecomastia is the most common benign enlargement of the mammary gland and adipose tissue in males. Because a feminine-looking chest contour can bring severe psychologic burden to patients, subcutaneous mastectomy has become the standard treatment for this condition. Conventional open surgery causes conspicuous scarring that may affect the appearance of the breast. We provide a novel surgical operative for the treatment of...