Proportional Myoelectric Control of a Virtual Inverted Pendulum Using Residual Antagonistic Muscles: Toward Voluntary Postural Control

This paper aims to investigate whether transtibial amputees are capable of coordinating the descending neural commands to antagonistic residual ankle muscles for performing dynamic tasks that require continuous, precise control. To achieve this goal, we developed a virtual inverted pendulum that was inherently unstable and mimicked human-like dynamics in a standing posture. Balancing this dynamic system requires continuous inputs, proportional...