The usefulness of intraoperative X‐ray fluoroscopy in avoiding urethral injury during transanal total mesorectal excision

Introduction Urethral injury is one of the most important complications that can occur during transanal total mesorectal excision in male patients with rectal cancer. This report shows the usefulness of intraoperative X‐ray fluoroscopy to avoid urethral injury associated with transanal total mesorectal excision. Materials and Surgical Technique Real‐time navigation using fluoroscopy was performed to check the distance between the urethra and the...