Bank risk aggregation with forward-looking textual risk disclosures

Approaches based on financial statements are important to the field of bank risk aggregation. However, previous studies only used numerical data recorded in financial statements to aggregate bank risk. Time lags in numerical data can bias risk aggregation results. Thus, this paper first incorporates forward-looking textual risk disclosures reported in financial statements into bank risk aggregation. In doing so, we overcome the drawback of risk...