Connectedness of habitat fragments boosts conservation benefits for butterflies, but only in landscapes with little cropland

Global change pressures (GCPs) imperil species and associated ecosystem functions, but studies investigating interactions of landscape-scale pressures remain scarce. Loss of species-rich habitat and agricultural expansion are major threats for biodiversity, but if or how these factors interactively determine community-level shifts and conservation outcomes remains unclear. We tested whether matrix simplification (dominance of cropland) and...