Understory vegetation in planted pine forests governs bird community composition and diversity in the eastern Mediterranean region

Managed forests can become a seminatural habitat by allowing natural vegetation to establish under the tree canopy. The aim of this study was to examine how this natural understory vegetation in pine plantations affects bird community composition and diversity. We compared bird communities in three types of pine forest plantations that differed in the composition of their understory vegetation. One thousand four hundred seventy-six birds of 33...