Influences of isomeric butanol addition on anti-knock tendency of primary reference fuel and toluene primary reference fuel gasoline surrogates

The anti-knock tendency of blends of butanol isomers and two gasoline surrogates (primary reference fuels and toluene primary reference fuels) was studied on a single-cylinder cooperative fuel research engine. The effects of butanol molecular structure (n-butanol, i-butanol, s-butanol and t-butanol) and butanol addition percentage on fuel research octane numbers were investigated. The experimental results revealed that butanol addition to either...