Horned and dehorned dairy cows differ in the pattern of agonistic interactions investigated under different space allowances

Limited space in dairy cattle farming is associated with frequent encounters between cows, often resulting in agonistic interactions and injuries, especially in horned cows. Previous studies with dairy cows investigated space allowances in the waiting area in front of the parlour, the lying area, and the outdoor exercise area with respect to social behaviour. However, direct comparisons between horned and dehorned cows are lacking. In the...