Prevalence of diabetic kidney disease in prediabetes

Chronic renal failure is a debilitating and expensive complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). It is controversial if kidney disease may occur in prediabetes stages. We systematically reviewed the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) as defined by albuminuria or reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in prediabetes. We searched for studies reporting the frequency of DKD in prediabetes (impaired plasma glucose, impaired glucose tolerance...