Phonological Awareness Trajectories: Young Spanish–English and Cantonese–English Bilinguals

This study focused on the phonological awareness skills of 72 Spanish–English and 86 Cantonese–English bilinguals, all enrolled in bilingual and mainstream classrooms in the same schools. Bilinguals were assessed on phonological awareness, decoding, vocabulary, and knowledge of book reading each year from kindergarten until second grade. Individual growth modeling analysis revealed no difference in growth trajectories of English phonological...