Loss of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in septic shock is predominantly caused by decreased levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a signaling lipid essential in regulating processes involved in sepsis pathophysiology, including endothelial permeability and vascular tone. Serum S1P is progressively reduced in sepsis patients with increasing severity. S1P function depends on binding to its carriers: serum albumin (SA) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). The aim of this single-center prospective observational study was to determine the...