Global change-driven modulation of bottom–up forces and cascading effects on biocontrol services

Abiotic and biotic factors affect plants in various ways which in turn affect associated arthropod communities through direct and/or indirect bottom–up interactions. Several review articles have synthesized studies examining the indirect effects of abiotic factors on plant–arthropod interactions, mainly focusing on soil nitrogen, soil water status, and climate change. However, these studies have mostly focused on bitrophic interactions, whereas...