Multiple preference regimes and rules of origin

This study examines Japan’s preferential imports from three least developed countries (LDCs), i.e., Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar, from 2013 to 2016. In these trade flows, two preference regimes are available in a ddition to a most favored nation regime: the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) for LDCs (GSP -LDC) and a plurilateral trade agreement among Japan and ASEAN countries (AJCEP). We empirically exam ine how relaxing the rules of origin...