Descriptions of Pupae of the Darkling Beetle Subfamily Phrenapatinae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Relationships of darkling beetles in the subfamily Phrenapatinae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) are poorly known. Meaningful comparative studies are hampered by the fact that morphological structures of adults typically used for assessing relationships within Tenebrionidae cannot be used successfully in this group because they are either absent or extremely reduced. The pupal stage of twelve species in eight genera of Phrenapatinae is presented...