Duration and life-stage of antibiotic use and risk of cardiovascular events in women

Aims Growing data suggest that antibiotic exposure is associated with a long-lasting alteration in gut microbiota, and may be related to subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated associations of life-stage and duration of antibiotic exposure during adulthood with subsequent CVD events. Methods and results This study included 36 429 women initially free of CVD and cancer from the Nurses’ Health Study. We estimated hazard ratios...