Orographic Primary and Secondary Gravity Waves in the Middle Atmosphere From 16‐Year SABER Observations

The seasonal and height dependencies of the orographic primary and larger‐scale secondary gravity waves (GWs) have been studied using the temperature profiles measured by Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) from 2002 to 2017. At ~40°S and during Southern Hemisphere winter, there is a strong GW peak over the Andes mountains that extend to z ~ 55 km. Using wind and topographic data, we show that orographic GWs...