Long term effects of chronic prenatal exposure to hypercarbia on organ growth and cardiovascular responses to adrenaline and hypoxia in common snapping turtles

Reptilian embryos often face challenging environmental gas compositions during incubation, which may inflict long-lasting effects in the individuals' physiological responses. These conditions can have a lasting effect on the animal into juvenile life as chronic prenatal exposure to hypercarbia results in enlarged hatchling organ size, higher growth rate and resting metabolic rate, although relatively smaller increment in metabolic scope during...