Trophic consequences of mast seeding for avian and mammalian seed and non-seed consumers in European temperate forests

Resource pulses are wide-ranging, influential ecosystem processes with effects permeating throughout the food web, sometimes over several years. In temperate forests, resource pulses may be triggered by mast seeding of one or several tree species, providing a key food source to a multitude of species. However, direct and indirect consequences of mast seeding for various seed and non-seed consumers, and interactions among them, are often poorly...