Evidence of Europa Neutral Gas Torii From Energetic Sulfur Ion Measurements

Imaging of energetic neutral atoms coming from a trans‐Europa region and energetic proton observations by Galileo around Jupiter have previously revealed the existence of a neutral gas torus produced by Europa. Energetic sulfur ions observed by Galileo do not show any effect of the Europa torus for Mc Ilwain parameters L > 9.2, surely because ions are multiply charged, so that the torus first needs to bring the ions charge state to one before...