Cardiac Surgery Trainees as “Skin-to-Skin” Operating Surgeons: Midterm Outcomes

BackgroundWe have previously demonstrated that cardiac surgery trainees can safely perform operations “skin-to-skin” with adequate attending surgeon supervision.MethodsWe used 100 consecutive cases (82 coronary artery bypass grafts, 9 aortic valve replacements, 7 coronary artery bypass grafts plus aortic valve replacements, 2 others) performed by residents (group R) to match 1:1 by procedure to nonconsecutive cases done by a single attending...