Design of an elbow for integrated gravimetric, electrochemical and acoustic emission measurements in erosion-corrosion pipe flow environments

Erosion-corrosion degradation in oil and gas pipelines is a significant problem, and a change in flow geometry can significantly enhance rates of degradation. In this study, a 3D printed 90° elbow, integrated into a flow loop, was developed to evaluate erosion-corrosion of X65 carbon steel along both the inner and outer internal portions of the bend in an aqueous carbon dioxide (CO2)-saturated environment containing sand particles. Designing...