The Effects of Repetition on Incidental Vocabulary Learning: A Meta‐Analysis of Correlational Studies

This meta‐analysis aimed to clarify the complex relationship between repetition and second language (L2) incidental vocabulary learning by meta‐analyzing primary studies reporting correlation coefficients between the number of encounters and vocabulary learning. We synthesized and quantitatively analyzed 45 effect sizes from 26 studies ( N = 1,918) to calculate the mean effect size of the frequency–learning relationship and to explore the extent...