Effective and efficient acquisition of argumentation knowledge by self-explaining examples: Videos, texts, or graphic novels?

A rising number of (online) learning scenarios feature video-based worked examples. We analyzed the effects of the presentation mode of worked examples on their effectiveness and efficiency in two experiments with university students (N1 = 57; N2 = 43). The students acquired argumentation knowledge by self-explaining different types of worked examples. In Experiment 1, we compared video-based examples with written examples, and in Experiment 2,...