Derivation of combined species sensitivity distributions for acute toxicity of pyrethroids to aquatic animals

The aquatic toxicity profiles of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides are remarkably similar, and results for a large number of species can be combined across compounds in Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs). Normalizing acute toxicity values (median lethal concentrations, LC50s) for each species and each pyrethroid to the LC50 of the same pyrethroid to the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca (the most sensitive species to all pyrethroids...