A smart eye-tracking feedback scaffolding approach to improving students' learning self-efficacy and performance in a C programming course

While computer science is crucial to today's world, the course requirements remain high and learners' self-efficacy remains low. This study applied eye-tracking devices to instantly identify learners' difficulties and provide them with tips and help them enhance their self-efficacy. The influence of the eye-tracking scaffolding system on students' self-efficacy and performance for learning the C programming language was investigated....